Preparing to wire flippers

I spent some time tonight getting more familiar with all of the various circuits from the Doctor Who wiring schematics pages. Suffice it to say, the manual and its schematics are priceless when you have a machine completely un-wired :)  Then it was on to prepare the wiring harnesses for the flippers on AB1. Thankfully I can simply re-use the harnesses from Doctor Who, at least for the flippers!

During disassembly of Doctor Who, it became pretty clear that its wiring harness was  nicely separated into different bundles by function – one bundle for lights, another for switches and a third for solenoids. Since the flipper solenoids use dedicated wires, it was pretty trivial to separate them out to re-use as-is. The End-Of-Stroke switch wires however were a different story! Even though they are dedicated wires to the circuit and not part of the switch matrix, during manufacturing they were nevertheless bundled together with zip ties with the rest of the switch matrix wires. It was still relatively painless to separate them out – just some zip-ties to cut and then replace once the wires were separated out. Here’s a photo where I am about halfway done. The EOS wiring harness is on the left, and the big jumble of green wires on the right is for the switch matrix. I can already tell the Costco zip-tie mega pack is going to come in handy on this project :)

Finally, I spent some time re-connecting all the cabinet wiring to the boards in the backbox. Even with the Doctor Who playfield gone, there are plenty of things to hook up here: the flipper button and other cabinet switches, transformer power, DMD and Fliptronics boards, lights for the backbox and cabinet, etc.

Next time I should be ready to actually wire up the flippers and see if I can play a ball on my blank playfield!

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Started playfield assembly

Today I started assembly of the basic mechanisms on my custom pinball playfield! It was super exciting to install the hinge brackets and drop the empty playfield into the cabinet for the first time :) In addition, the following assemblies are coming along nicely:

  • Ball Through/Feeder/Shooter
  • Flippers
  • Kickers

I couldn’t wait to find out how well I did with the CAD file in placing the holes for all this. In the end, almost everything came out just right except for a few minor elements here and there – certainly nothing critical that warrants another trip to the shopbot, at least for now :) It was pretty trivial to take note of what needs to move, so fixing the CAD file will be a piece of cake and the next playfield prototype should be perfect! Here’s the top of the playfield now:

One thing took me by surprise however – how tricky it is to get the kicker and ball feeder mechanisms to line up just right. Unfortunately these Williams mechs are each comprised of two completely separate brackets that need to be individually screwed to the playfield. The position of each bracket relative to each other is critical to ensure proper unrestricted movement of the mechanism. You can see what I mean in the underside view:

One could wonder why everything isn’t on one single bracket, like the flippers… for cost savings perhaps? Or to allow more freedom in choosing the location of the bracket that holds the coil? It’s too bad, one bracket would make assembly much more quick and painless. Regardless, I will have to improve my CAD drawing to get these measurements just right for the next iteration of the playfield. Using these Williams mechs is still way less painful than designing and building my own! :)

Next up, more playfield assembly! Also, I have to start thinking about how to wire everything back up to the backbox!

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Fabricated blank pinball playfield!

If you’ve been following along on the blog, it may look like I haven’t made any progress in a while… Well, I have :)

It turns out fabricating things like pinball playfields is pretty tough with tools you typically have at home. You almost certainly could, but cutting the many holes in a playfield requires precision – it would be extremely time consuming to do it all by hand. Plus, if during the design of the game you decide to move the position of a single hole, well, back to square one cutting everything all over again.

Clearly, CNC tools can do it better. Luckily for me, there is a place near where I live that has all sorts of expensive tools including CNC machines that I can use. It’s called the TechShop! For making my playfield, they have a ShopBot CNC router that is perfect for this sort of thing. I’ve spent the last few months taking various CNC classes at the TechShop, and finally today I was able to make progress on the custom pinball machine.

For my “blank” playfield, my plan was to include everything needed to install the playfield into the machine with basic playfield parts: Flippers, kickers, inlane/outlane divider, and the ball through / feeder / shooter. I drew the holes I was going to cut in CorelDRAW and Adobe Illustrator. In the end my CAD file looked sort of like this:

As you can see, there’s not much near the top of the playfield, with the exception of the holes for the hinge bracket bolts. The CAD file includes vectors which are used for a few different types of elements:

  • The outline of the playfield
  • Holes and slots to be cut all the way through the playfield
  • Pockets cut at a certain depth (to allow flush mounting of T-nuts for instance)
  • The V shaped groove for the shooter lane
  • Small dimples for drilling pilot holes

After I was done drawing everything, and making sure the dimensions were all correct, I imported the drawing into CAD to CAM software called VCarve Pro. This software is used to generate CNC toolpaths from your drawing – that is, taking a drawing, and transforming it into commands that will control the router bit such that it will make a blank piece of material into what you drew on the computer! Tool cool. It is then just a matter of running the program on the ShopBot!

In the photo above, the ShopBot has started cutting the holes in my design. I used a 3/16″ downcut square end mill for these particular holes. Some of the other elements used different tools, such as a 1/4″ square end mill, and a 1/4″ ball nose end mill. As for the material, I’m using MDF here but only because this is a prototype piece and I’m sure I will iterate on the design. MDF is cheap, easily available, and straight and true. For the final piece I will use 9-ply maple veneered plywood, which is really nice but also expensive at 125$/sheet!

In this photo the features on the front side of the playfield are all finished. As you can see, the ball through still has a center discard piece that needs to be removed. It is held in place by tabs (which you add in the CAD to CAM software) whose purpose are to prevent that discard piece from flying all over the place as the router finishes the cut. Similarly, the playfield itself is fixed to the outside ring around it by tabs. I cut the tabs using my handheld dremel tool, then flipped the playfield to do the features on the backside (mostly pilot hole dimples). At the 2011 Pinball Expo Stern factory tour, Gary Stern pointed out that you can’t build a pinball game without a pin press to put dimples in the playfield – that simply isn’t true, you can use a CNC router like I am doing here :)

Finally, here is a zoomed in view on the lower portion of the finished product. The downcut tool made extremely clean cuts and I’m super happy with it! My shooter lane V-groove could be better, but I have a plan for that – going to try with a v-shaped bit next time.

The next step is to install this playfield into my cabinet, install flippers/kickers/etc on it, and then start playing with the layout of my ball guides, targets and ramps! I’m also going to take the vacuum forming class at the TechShop and see if I can make some decent ramps myself :)

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Installed P-ROC in Doctor Who

The P-ROC is a drop-in board that replaces the CPU board for pinballs. It connects to your computer and allows you to control the features (solenoids, lamps, DMD, etc) of the machine yourself. Williams WPC is supported (amongst others), which is what Doctor Who is. It turns out it is pretty trivial to install, which is great!

First, let’s look at Doctor Who before making any modifications. The main things to see here are the CPU board on the lower left (the one with the three Duracell AA batteries), and the power driver board on the lower right. Note as well that the DMD (not visible, below the power driver board) is connected to the PCB at the top right via a thin ribbon cable.

I took note of all connectors that were connected on the CPU board. These connectors will need to be transferred to the appropriate location on the P-ROC board. I then disconnected everything from the WPC CPU board, and pulled it from the machine. Here is the stock WPC CPU board (left) next to the P-ROC (right).

My P-ROC came on a mounting plate with holes in the exact same spot as the holes on the WPC CPU board, which makes it trivial to mount back into the backbox. As you can see by comparing the two boards above, the P-ROC has many more plugs for connectors than the WPC CPU board. This is because the P-ROC supports more than just WPC machines. Many plugs end up un-used on the P-ROC depending on which configuration you are using.

I then used the P-ROC connector mapping document to re-connect all the connectors that were originally going to the WPC CPU board to the appropriate P-ROC connector. One thing to take note here is that there are a couple connectors that originally did not connect to the WPC CPU board that need to be transferred to the P-ROC. These are the fliptronics connectors (originally going to the fliptronics board) and the DMD signal ribbon cable (originally going to the DMD driver board). Here is the backbox again with everything connected back up to the P-ROC:

Note now how the thin DMD ribbon cable is going up to the P-ROC board in the lower left. I double-checked that all the connectors were in the proper place, then powered on the machine to see what would happen. Success! The letters “P-ROC” appeared on the DMD display. Finally, I connected the P-ROC board to my computer via USB. At this point I was able to run the P-ROC test program and start playing with the C API. With this, I can write software to control all the solenoids and lamps, and read switch states! Very cool. It didn’t take long that I had a very simple program running that would feed me a new ball when pressing the “Start” button, shoot the ball when pressing the ball launcher, activate the Tardis popper when the ball triggered its opto. The pop bumpers all worked and the flippers too! :) Note: Just make sure when using the P-ROC test program that your sample YAML file is set to the proper type of machine (in my case, WPC).

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Building a custom pinball machine!

Recently I have been considering what it would take to build a custom pinball machine. When you add everything up, starting from scratch, it’s quite a long list. There are many skills and tasks involved. The “big” items in my mind are (and I’m probably forgetting some things):

Woodworking:

  • Cabinet with foldable backbox
  • Playfield with light lenses (aka inserts)

Electronic Engineering:

  • Drive solenoids and lamps
  • Read switches
  • Drive dot-matrix display
  • Sound output

Mechanical Engineering

  • Ball guides
  • Shooter
  • Flippers
  • Ball outhole/through
  • Ramps
  • Playfield toys

Game design

  • Playfield Layout
  • Game rules

Graphic design

  • Cabinet artwork
  • Translite
  • Playfield artwork

Software Engineering

  • Input/Output: control of solenoids, lamps and switches
  • Implement game rules
  • Video output (DMD)
  • Sound output

I quickly decided that this was way more work than I wanted to take on. Building a cabinet, for instance, doesn’t seem particularly interesting to me. Nor is replicating the mechanical parts of flippers. Similarly, the electronics needed to drive a game are more a mean to an end than what it interesting to me.

When it comes down to it, I’m more interested in building a unique and fun game than tackling each and every one of these tasks –  cutting the “todo” list down to a manageable size means I actually have a chance one day at finishing :)

My solution is to find and use a Bally/Williams DMD game to use as a basis for my custom game, and re-use all the common bits that all pinball games share:

  • Cabinet, backbox
  • Electronics/PCBs
  • Flippers, shooter, ball through

A product called the P-ROC allows you to control the driver board from Williams WPC machines, read all the switches, and drive the DMD. Hence I am re-using not just the cabinet and some of the mechanical bits, but the electronics, too! Not only does this save a huge amount of time and work, but also cost. Considering all the hardware and parts that you would need to buy just to make a cabinet, it makes a whole lot more sense to start from an existing game and build starting from that.

I found a Doctor Who machine locally for not a lot of money, and thus my custom game build is underway. I am a bit sad to tear it down, since it’s in great shape and is a fun enough game, but I am way more excited about building my own custom machine! Beside, I will be able to sell all the Doctor Who specific parts (playfield, topper, plastics, etc) and recoup some of the cost of buying the machine :)

Finally, I do have a theme in mind for my game, but at least for now I am keeping it secret :) In upcoming posts I will instead refer to my game by codename, “Alpha Bravo One”.

Here’s a pic of Doctor Who before the teardown begins:

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Fabricated lift frame

The main hallway in my house is just narrow enough for a game – there’s no way to turn the corner into a room with the machine in “normal” horizontal position. The only way in and out is with the machine on it’s back with the backbox folded.

I’ve moved the machines enough times now to have nailed down the procedure:

  1. Fold backbox down and secure with cargo strap
  2. Attach a moving dolly to the back of the machine, also with a cargo strap
  3. Remove rear legs
  4. Tilt the machine onto its back (and hence onto the dolly)
  5. Remove front legs

You’re then free to move the machine around on the dolly at will and can turn narrow corners no problem – the machine is much easier to maneuver on its back. Once arrived at its destination, repeat the steps in reverse.

The problem with the steps above is #3 – #4. It is a two person job – one person lifts the machine while the other removes the legs. I wanted a way to be able to do all the steps above by myself, so I decided to fabricate a wooden frame out of 2×6 lumber and 3/8″ plywood. I measured against my games and 25″ is just high enough to lift a pinball off of its rear legs. The dimensions I ended up with are 18 1/2″ wide x 25″ high x 5 7/8″ deep. The 2x6s carry the brunt of the load while the plywood face provides stability and prevent the structure from collapsing to the side. Should be plenty beefy to support even the heaviest game! Here’s a pic of a test fitting on the front of Whirlwind!

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Pinball Expo 2011

After missing Pacific Pinball Expo this year, I decided to make up for it by traveling to Chicago for “the real deal” – Pinball Expo. Chicago has been the home of the pinball industry for a long time, and is hence the perfect home for the expo.

Overall Impressions

The expo had a very different feel than the pacific expo. While the games-to-play area is much smaller, and focused mostly on 1980′s and later games, the exhibitors area is much larger, and there is much more of a focus on seminars. The seminars were definitely the best part in my mind. After all, I can play pinball at home or around town, but the seminars were interesting, varied, and fun. See below for highlights.

Factory Tour

The first day of the expo (Thursday Oct 20th) started out with a tour of the Stern factory. It was pretty cool to see the facility where the machines come together, along with the workers at work!

The first station was where they make wiring harnesses, which are done in house.

You can see how they configure the jig for each particular game. Connectors are installed on the harnesses at this station.

The completed harnesses are hooked up to a test station to verify they are complete and correct. Much easier to verify it’s working now than after it’s been installed in a pinball machine!

Here is a rack full of completed wiring harnesses. They say each machine has over a half-mile of wire!

Blank playfields are produced by a sub-contractor and arrive in big stacks with the artwork already applied.

They are put in a giant press that dimples the playfields in the locations of all holes that will need to be drilled out.

Here’s a close-up of the inside of the press. Notice the pins on the top and bottom, to dimple both sides of the playfield simultaneously.

Then the dimples are manually drilled out. Gary Stern talked to us and was very proud to point out that there are only a couple of the above presses in the entire world, and that you cannot build a pinball machine without them. This was almost undoubtedly a quip targeted at the newest kid on the pinball block, Jersey Jack Pinball. Seems to me though you could just forego both the dimple press and manual drilling altogether and CNC-drill all the holes.

At another parallel area of the line, the artwork decals are applied to the cabinets. The cabinets themselves are built by a sub-contractor and delivered flat black.

Finally the playfields go down the line and parts are installed first on the bottom then on the top. The fascinating part was that there were multiple kinds of games on the one line at the same time – Avatar and Transformers. The workers are able to nevertheless keep things straight.

Notice the green riveting machine in the background of this next picture – looks like an aircraft manufacturing tool.

Finally the playfields are complete and undergo testing before being installed in a machine.

The playfield “toys” are also made off-site.

After everything is put together, the machines are tested again. Yes, there are people whose job it is to play-test every machine that comes off the line :)

I spent most of the rest of the first day, and alot of time in days two and three, in seminars. Here are some highlights of the most noteworthy talks:

Gary Stern and George Gomez

Gary spent some time talking about the pinball market, saying it was split into three different segments – Collector/Enthusiast, Coin-Op Operators, and Rich Doctor/Lawyer. Interesting but not a big surprise. George focused his part on the new Transformers pinball machine, but seemed a bit lost on stage. He spent quite a bit of time fumbling through his laptop looking for things to show off about the game. Unfortunately the overall impression I came away with was not how cool Transformers LE was, but how poor his presentation skills were and how unprepared he appeared to be. If it’s because he was too busy working on his pinball game rather than preparing for a presentation at Expo, then perhaps he can be excused :)

Jersey Jack Pinball

Jack appeared in a “Fire side chat” on Thursday night along with his entire team. He has hired what appears to be a very talented team of people that almost certainly have all the skills needed to deliver a world-class game. The most noteworthy part of the talk however was Jack’s relentless negative quips directed at Stern. Other than that, it would be hard to overstate the extent to which their new Wizard of Oz game was hyped up. According to the Jersey Jack team, it will be the greatest thing since sliced bread :) Big words indeed – it will be fun to see if they can deliver on them!

Jack was also the speaker at the closing banquet. He appeared very eloquent and congenial here, and delivered a positive speech about his upbringing and his attitude on life. When talking about the pinball games that he likes to play, he specifically called out two different Stern machines – surely no accident! :) He closed with remarks about the late Steve Jobs, how he admired his tenacity and desire to make great products, and how he hoped he could have the same qualities.

Planetary Pinball Supply

Rick Bartlett of PPS spoke about what it takes for them to re-manufacture replacement parts for Williams pinball machines. It was interesting to hear how much work goes into acquiring the required permissions for licensed themes. All of us that own Williams games are of course very grateful to have such a company out there making parts so we can fix our games and make them look nice.

John Popadiuk

John spoke about his days at Bally in the 80′s, then at Williams and WMS in the 90′s, and finally about what he has been up to more recently. He told us Tales of the Arabian Nights was intended to be a more “grown-up” Aladdin-like theme. At the closing banquet, John was inducted into the pinball hall of fame, and spent more time talking about his time in the industry.

Steve Ritchie

Steve started out by going through a slideshow of random pictures from the last couple decades, making remarks about his pinball days at Williams and Stern as he went along. It was great listening to him. He was however unable to provide any details about his up-coming game. No doubt Stern has imposed a vail of secrecy on him, presumably to not hurt sales of their just-released Transformers game.

P-ROC

One interesting bit of hardware that was shown was the P-ROC board. In short, it is a drop-in replacement CPU board for WPC and Stern machines that allows you to write custom rules for those machines. The P-ROC board connects to a standard computer via USB, delivers the switch events from the game to the computer, and allows the computer to control all the lamps and solenoids on the game, as well as the dot matrix display on the game.

My understanding is that there are two main reasons you would want to use a P-ROC board: 1. Write better rules for an existing pinball game. 2. Create a custom pinball game. One could either re-theme an existing game as a new game, or create a truly from-scratch custom game.

Shown here is a the Demolition Man game with the laptop driving it sitting next to it. In a finished project, of course, one would probably want to conceal a small form factor computer within the cabinet.

Free Play Area

Finally, one picture from the free play area – a game that I had the most fun playing at the expo, and that is almost certainly on my to-buy list – SPACE SHUTTLE!

Final Thoughts

Pinball Expo 2011 was a fantastic experience and I will almost certainly return again in the future. From the availability of all sorts of parts in the exhibitors hall (many at discounted prices!) to the numerous seminars and games to play, there are many reasons for going. There is one other appeal to going that I hadn’t predicted though – the people. Not only are you are surrounded with the heroes of the pinball industry at expo, but you’re also there with a ton of other dedicated fans who, like you, love pinball. It was great, and the three days just flew by!

 

 

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